Many people are already using cannabidiol (CBD) products for pain and inflammation. But could CBD be beneficial for the pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Research suggests CBD may have analgesic (pain-reducing) properties, and preliminary studies on the use of CBD for IBS indicates that it has therapeutic potential.
But as of yet, more research is still needed to verify that CBD predictably reduces pain and inflammation, so it’s best thought of as a supplement, not a treatment.
In this article, we’re going to dive deeper into the research on CBD for IBS and discuss how it works in the body. We’ll also cover usage and dosage best practices.
What is IBS?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that affects the stomach and intestines, which together form the gastrointestinal tract. It is a chronic condition that requires long-term management.
IBS is commonly confused with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of disorders characterized by prolonged inflammation in the digestive tract. IBS does not cause internal inflammation, and it affects the gastrointestinal, rather than digestive, tract. It is also not as severe as IBD.
Symptoms of IBS include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation (or both).
According to MayoClinic, IBS has several causes:
- Muscle contractions in the intestine: The walls of the intestines are lined by muscles that contract as they move food through your digestive tract. Too-fast and too-strong contractions can cause gas, bloating and diarrhea. Weak contractions can slow food passage and lead to hard, dry stools.
- Nervous system issues: Poorly coordinated signals between the brain and the intestines can cause your body to overreact to changes that typically occur in the digestive process. This can result in pain, diarrhea or constipation.
- Infection: IBS can develop after a severe bout of diarrhea caused by bacteria or a virus. This is called gastroenteritis. IBS might also be associated with a surplus of bacteria in the intestines.
- Early life stress: People exposed to stressful events, especially in childhood, tend to have more symptoms of IBS.
- Changes in gut microbes: Changes in the natural and beneficial bacteria, fungi, and viruses in your intestines may cause symptoms. Research indicates that the microbes in people with IBS might differ from those in people who don’t have IBS.
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally-occurring cannabinoid in the cannabis sativa plant (hemp is cannabis sativa that contains less than 0.3% THC by dry weight).
There are more than 100 cannabinoids in hemp, but CBD is one of the most commonly-used because of its high abundance and potential therapeutic uses. It’s been researched for pain and inflammation, as well as for things like anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy.
Unlike THC, CBD is not inebriating. It is technically psychoactive, in that it affects the mind, but its effects are mild feelings of calm and relaxation, rather than the feelings you’d normally associate with a high.
Can CBD Help With IBS Symptoms?
Currently, there is research indicating that CBD has therapeutic potential for IBS. However, more studies – clinical trials, specifically – are needed to verify its efficacy. Still, the research so far is promising.
Research on CBD for IBS
A 2023 research review looked at studies on CBD for intestinal health and concluded that CBD may have therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders [1].
A 2022 study found that the use of cannabis, in general, was associated with fewer hospital readmissions among patients with IBS.
However, the study found that this only held true for readmissions from all medical causes, but that it did not cause a significant reduction in readmissions related specifically to IBS [2].
In a 2021 trial, scientists compared the impact of chewing gum containing 50mg of CBD and a placebo gum on the symptoms of female IBS patients. Across 32 patients in total, there wasn’t a difference in symptom relief between those who consumed the CBD gum or the placebo.
However, the researchers noted that practical challenges (having to chew the gum throughout the day) prevented the patients from using it as often as they had anticipated [3].
Research on CBD for pain
There is also research on CBD for pain, in general.
In 2021, scientists conducted a survey of 253 CBD users to better understand how effective it is for pain. Overall, results were positive: participants reported that CBD helped their pain (59.0%) and allowed them to reduce their pain medications (67.6%) [4].
Overall, from the research, we can conclude that CBD has therapeutic potential for IBS. However, more research is needed before it can be regarded as a proven treatment; CBD may not work the same for everyone.
How Does CBD Work In the Body?
CBD works by supporting your endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is a receptor system in your body that’s responsible for regulating your vital functions, including the inflammatory and pain responses.
There are two types of receptors in your ECS:
- CB1 receptors, which produce mental effects when interacted with
- CB2 receptors, which produce physical effects when interacted with
CBD, however, doesn’t interact heavily with either the CB1 or CB2 receptors. Instead, it prevents the breakdown of your endocannabinoids (internal cannabinoids), thereby supporting your ECS as it works to balance your mind and body.
CBD may also impact serotonin transmission. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that influences the pain sensation; low serotonin levels are associated with chronic pain. CBD may improve how serotonin is transmitted within the brain, thereby promoting physical balance [5].
CBD for IBS: Side Effects & Safety Considerations
Research suggests CBD is safe and well-tolerated, even if you take large doses and use it regularly.
However, CBD has the potential to cause the following side effects:
- Dry mouth
- Drowsiness
- Diarrhea
- Reduced appetite
- Fatigue
Most people don’t feel the side effects, however, they are important to be aware of.
Which Type of CBD Is Best for IBS?
In its natural form, CBD extract contains cannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as terpenes, which are naturally occurring compounds in the cannabis sativa plant.
Other cannabinoids and terpenes can be considered secondary elements that are part of CBD extract.
Different types of CBD contain different assortments of these secondary elements:
- Full-spectrum CBD: CBD extract as it naturally occurs. Includes other cannabinoids, including THC (legally less than 0.3%), and terpenes.
- Broad-spectrum CBD: CBD extract with other cannabinoids and terpenes, but with no THC.
- CBD isolate: Just CBD, with other cannabinoids and terpenes removed.
Generally, full-spectrum CBD is the most beneficial for pain because the other cannabinoids it contains also have physically relaxing benefits.
Though present, the levels of THC in full-spectrum CBD aren’t enough to get you high.
You might also consider combining CBD with CBG for IBS. Cannabigerol (CBG) has abundant physical benefits, and using it together with CBD may improve the relaxation you receive.
How to Take CBD for IBS: Consumption Methods
There are a few different ways you can take CBD for IBS. None of them is necessarily the best, and any of them may be beneficial to you, depending on your situations and preferences:
- Oil – CBD oil consists of hemp extract and carrier oil. Because it can be put under the tongue, then swallowed, it starts working in just 10-15 minutes and is slightly more potent than other delivery methods.
- Gummies – CBD gummies are a good option if you’ll be taking the same dose of CBD on a regular basis. Gummies take 45 minutes to 1 hour to kick in.
- Softgels/Capsules – CBD capsules and softgels offer a cleaner, quicker alternative to gummies. They are a perfect option if you want to easily integrate CBD into your vitamin routine. However, capsules can’t be split like gummies can.
- Flower/Vapes – CBD hemp flower and CBD vapes are two other ways you can consume CBD for IBS. However, they pose two downsides: first, the obvious health risk of inhaling smoke or vapor, and second, the difficulty of getting a precise dose. Still, these downsides may be worth it for you, depending on your needs and preferences.
CBD Dosage for IBS
Starting out, we recommend taking a medium-strength dose of CBD for IBS. This will ensure that you’re getting enough CBD for it to have a substantial impact on how you feel.
You can use the following CBD dosage formula:
(0.3) x (your body weight in lbs.) = your daily CBD dosage in mg. for IBS
As you go, gradually increase your daily CBD dosage depending on how it’s working for you.
You’ll need to take CBD consistently for at least 2 weeks in order to begin seeing benefits, because it will need to build up in your body to have the full effects. Unlike THC, CBD does not typically have a considerable effect on the first dose.
Is CBD Legal?
Yes, CBD is federally legal in the United States.
The 2018 Farm Bill (which has been extended through 2024) legalized hemp and hemp-derived cannabinoids, including CBD, on a federal level.
Hemp is a variant of the cannabis sativa plant that contains less than 0.3% THC by dry weight.
How to Shop for CBD Products
Because the hemp and cannabinoid industry is largely unregulated, it’s important to employ careful shopping techniques to ensure that you’re buying a safe, effective product.
Check lab reports
Only buy CBD products that have a certificate of analysis (COA) from a 3rd-party lab.
Reputable companies have their products tested to verify potency, safety, and authenticity; check the following when examining a lab report:
- Cannabinoid profile: Ensure that the cannabinoids stated in the lab report are the cannabinoids the product is supposed to contain, according to its label.
- Potency: Check the amount of each cannabinoid listed in the lab report to ensure it matches what’s listed on the product’s label.
- Contaminants: Make sure the product passes the tests for heavy metals, pesticides, and mold.
Read ingredients
Make sure the ingredients list for the product you’re interested in specifically says cannabidiol.
Just because it says hempseed oil or cannabis sativa oil doesn’t necessarily mean it contains CBD.
Make sure it’s responsibly sourced
Buy products that are made by reputable companies from organic hemp grown in the US.
Because US hemp is subject to regulation, it won’t contain more than 0.3% THC by law, so you can assume with high confidence that you’re getting a safe, legal product.
Other Natural Remedies for IBS
CBD may help you maintain a healthy lifestyle as you combat IBS, but there are plenty of other natural techniques you can use to promote your quality of life:
- Work out: Exercise may improve IBS symptoms, and you don’t have to dive head-first into a comprehensive workout plan to see benefits. Start small, with a walk or a few minutes of weight lifting, and work your way up.
- Find ways to reduce stress: There is a connection between stressful life events and worsened IBS symptoms. Try meditation, walking, and other everyday practices to maintain a less-stressed mind.
- Eat more fiber: Fiber may ease IBS symptoms, such as constipation, but it may worsen others, like gas and bloating. However, you’re still better off eating high-fiber foods than not. Incorporate beans, oats, and fruits into your diet.
- Choose your food carefully: Dairy products, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, garlic, alcohol, chocolate, and coffee are all foods that often induce IBS symptoms. You don’t have to avoid these foods entirely, but consuming them only occasionally and in moderation may reduce symptoms.
- Take probiotics: Probiotics are the “good” bacteria found in your gut, and consuming them may help with IBS. Probiotics can be taken as a supplement, and they can also be found in foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, and miso.
Conclusion: Is CBD A Beneficial Natural Supplement for IBS?
Research suggests CBD has therapeutic potential for IBS, and more generally, for pain. However, more studies are needed to verify CBD’s efficacy, and we don’t have enough clinical evidence to suggest it’s a reliable treatment.
Still, CBD is safe, and it’s certainly worth a try if you’re looking to try natural alternatives for IBS.
Just be sure to talk to your doctor first so they can determine if CBD is right for you, and if so, where it fits in your wellness plan.
CBD for IBS: Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some questions we see people asking about the use of CBD for IBS.
How long does it take for CBD to work for IBS?
While CBD is not a proven way to manage IBS, it may promote a healthy body. CBD generally begins working after a few weeks of consistent daily use.
Does CBD affect gut motility?
Research indicates CBD may have a beneficial effect on gut motility, or the ability of your gut to move food through your body. However, more studies are needed to verify this.
Does CBD reduce inflammation in the gut?
Research indicates CBD has anti-inflammatory properties. However, more specific research looking at the impact of CBD on gut inflammation is needed.
Is CBG good for IBS?
Cannabigerol (CBG), like CBD, is a naturally-occurring cannabinoid in hemp. It may have beneficial properties for people with IBS, however, more research is needed on it.
Sources
[1] Story, Galaxie et al. “Cannabidiol and Intestinal Motility: a Systematic Review.” Current developments in nutrition vol. 7,10 101972. 17 Jul. 2023, doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101972
[2] Choi, Catherine et al. “Cannabis Use is Associated With Reduced 30-Day All-cause Readmission Among Hospitalized Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Analysis.” Journal of clinical gastroenterology vol. 56,3 (2022): 257-265. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001498
[3] van Orten-Luiten, Anne-Claire B et al. “Effects of Cannabidiol Chewing Gum on Perceived Pain and Well-Being of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Exploratory Intervention Study with Symptom-Driven Dosing.” Cannabis and cannabinoid research vol. 7,4 (2022): 436-444. doi:10.1089/can.2020.0087
[4] Schilling, Jan M et al. “Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Survey of Patients’ Perspectives and Attitudes.” Journal of pain research vol. 14 1241-1250. 5 May. 2021, doi:10.2147/JPR.S278718
[5] De Gregorio, Danilo et al. “Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain.” Pain vol. 160,1 (2019): 136-150. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001386
